Defeat by fusarium root rot in different areas of winter wheat cultivation in 1987—2015

  • I. Bakai Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS of Ukraine, Vasylkivska st., 33, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03022
  • S. Mykhailenko Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS of Ukraine, Vasylkivska st., 33, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03022
Keywords: climate, winter wheat, root rot, diseases, pesticides, harmfulness, crop losses

Abstract

Goal. Determine the relationship between weather conditions, the development of root rot and winter wheat yield in spring and summer; assess the harmfulness of winter wheat diseases, crop losses depending on growing conditions and the effectiveness of seed disinfectants.

Methods. Diseases were recorded according to generally accepted methods. Harmfulness of fusarium root rot was determined by the scale of VIZR with the addition of V.F. Peresypkin and V.M. Pidoplichko. Yield losses from disease were calculated from regression equations. The research factors were evaluated by mathematical and statistical methods: moisture supply, level of root rot development, yield by years and their dependence on hydrothermal parameters for the period IV—VI (April — June).

Results. It was found that in moderately humid years, on land, in the Right Bank Steppe, with higher rates of SCC (1.31), precipitation (48.9 mm) and disease development (15.7%), but at lower temperatures (14.9°С), the yield of winter wheat was 4.13 t/ha. In dry years, when the air temperature was higher (16.7°С), and all other indicators are much lower (SCC 0.66, precipitation 31.4 mm, the development of root rot 6.1%), the yield was 3.50 t/ ha. On an artificial infectious background in the area of — the Right Bank Steppe with an average development of brown rust of 2.0%, yields of 4.70 t/ha, yield losses amounted to 0.06 t/ha, and in natural conditions, on land, with the development of the disease 7.9%, yields 3.89 t/ha, harmfulness 4.8%, yield losses were 0.19 t/ha. In 1987—1991, with the development of powdery mildew 3.1%, yield 3.9 t/ha, on land yield losses (estimated) amounted to 0.06 t/ha.

Conclusions. Based on regression analysis, a close curvilinear relationship between the intensity of root rot, leaf diseases and a decrease in grain weight in the ear was established. The possibility of determining the losses of winter wheat from diseases and the potential effect of agronomic measures aimed at eliminating the harmful effects of diseases is proved.

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Published
2019-12-20
How to Cite
Bakai, I., & Mykhailenko, S. (2019). Defeat by fusarium root rot in different areas of winter wheat cultivation in 1987—2015. Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Phytosanitary Safety, (65), 17-34. https://doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2019.65.17-34