Status and prospects of plant protection from pests in megapolis

P. Chumak; S. Vigera; О. Strygun; О. Goncharenko; О. Anol

doi:10.36495/1606-9773.2020.66.209-221

P. Chumak Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS, 33, Vasilkivska str., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
S. Vigera Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS, 33, Vasilkivska str., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
О. Strygun Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS, 33, Vasilkivska str., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
О. Goncharenko Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS, 33, Vasilkivska str., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
О. Anol Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS, 33, Vasilkivska str., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2020.66.209-221

Keywords: megapolis; urbofiotocenosis; wood plants; pests; plant protection

Abstract

Goal. Conduct screening of modern data on the state of plant protection and its own studies of phytophagus pests of wood plants in the conditions of the metropolis of Ukraine.

Methods. Analytical methods and faunistic screening of data literary sources are used on the issue of phytophagus pests of Ukraine.

Results. The substantiation of the concept of preventive creation of sustainable urbotocenoses for the use of a wide range of ethnic and introduced species of plants with increased resistance to biotic and abiotic factors has been carried out. The theoretical basis of plant protection should be a preventive system based on the use of environmental protection methods with the restriction of the use of pesticides. Planning for preventive ecologically directed protection of plants from pests should begin with obtaining information about the crop and its varieties (hygrothermal regime of crop cultivation, plant resistance to harmful phytophagous species of this crop, determination of the effect of attractive or antifeeding properties of the crop on entomophages that can be used). The next stage is data on the species composition of phytophages, pests — vectors of causative agents of viral diseases of a given culture and pests that are capable of forming hemipopulations (features of the dynamics of their number, the succession series of their dominance in the process of plant growth and development). Selection of entomophages and determination of their ability to reproduce on an alternative type of food. Based on the preliminary information received, a decision is made to create a multicomponent entomocenosis in plantations before the start of plant development. In order to obtain current information, the phytosanitary state of woody plants is regularly monitored (every 20—30 days) and the dynamics of the number of components of the created useful entomocenosis, as well as a decision is made to replace or supplement its joints.

Conclusions. In developing the concept of the formation and functioning of sustainable umbilical phytocoenoses with increased resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of damage to little ethnic and introduced species of plants with harmful organisms. Creation of sustainable urbotocenoses with increased resistance to biotic and abiotic factors has an important environmental and economic significance. The theoretical basis of protection of urbothocoenoses should be based on natural plant protection systems based on the use of environmental methods with the restriction of the use of pesticides.

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