Features of the formation of a phytopathogenic complex on tomatoes in greenhouses

Abstract

Goal. Conduct phytopathological monitoring of tomato plantings in greenhouses, study the dynamics of the spread and development of diseases.

Methods. The studies were carried out according to the methods generally accepted in phytopathology, the results of the studies were processed statistically. Results. It was found that for 2002—2019. Research throughout the growing season (from the emergence of seedlings to the end of the growing season), tomatoes in greenhouses when grown on different substrates (soils and mineral wool) are largely affected by fungal and bacterial diseases, to a lesser extent by viral diseases. Among the diseases of tomatoes, root and gray rot, fusarium wilting, brown spot prevail, which affect crops within 21.8—86.3% in ground greenhouses and 18.4—61.7% on mineral wool. The intensity of manifestation of bacterial diseases increased, the prevalence of which was 48—63.3% on soils and 51.5—78.5% on mineral wool, with the development of 19.0—27.5% and 25.8—28.3%, respectively. Viral diseases are less common — 7.5—10.5% with the development of 3.9—4.3% for soil mixture and 8.8—13.4% with the development of 4.4—5.8% for mineral wool. Among the nonparasitic diseases, tomato apical rot is dominant. When grown on soils, the infestation of fruits was 18.7%, maximum — 27.5%, and development — 4.3—7.0%. With a low-volume growing technology, the spread reached 16.6—31.1%, while the development was 3.2—4.1%.

Conclusions. On planting tomatoes in greenhouses, regardless of the greenhouse substrates, there is a stable complex of fungal, bacterial, viral and nonparasitic diseases, and their harmfulness depends on the cultivation technology. Tomatoes during the growing season are affected not by one type of pathogen, but by their complex. The phytopathological complex of tomatoes in greenhouses is dynamic, which requires constant study and protective measures.