Effectiveness of application of apple biological protection systems against green and red-headed apple aphids of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine

M. Hunchak

doi:10.36495/PHSS.2024.70.92-103

M. Hunchak Ukrainian Science Research Plant Quarantine Station Institute of Plant Protection of the NAAS, Naukova str., 4, Boiany, Chernivtsi district, Chernivtsi region, 60321, Ukraine; Chernivtsi regional center of the State Institution «Soils Protection Institute of Ukraine», 194-А, Heroes of the Maidan str., Chernivtsi, Chernivtsi region, 58013, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3521-8531

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36495/PHSS.2024.70.92-103

Keywords: apple, aphids, phytosanitary monitoring, biological method of protection, technical efficiency, crop capacity

Abstract

Goal. Research on the effectiveness of apple tree protection systems based on the use of biological preparations against green and red-headed apple aphids in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe.

Methods. The distribution of pests was recorded depending on the phases of apple tree development in accordance with generally accepted methods. The technical efficiency of insecticides was determined after 2 and 7 days. Statistical processing of the results was carried out according to generally accepted methods.

Results. During the monitoring of the phytosanitary state, it was established that during 2022—2023, in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine, significant damage was caused to the agrocenosis of apple trees by green and red-headed apple aphids. The research results established that the application of the bioprotection system of apple plantations No. 1 (Actophyt BT (aversectin C, 0.2%), k.e.; Biospectr BT (Pseudomonas bacteria, titer not lower than 5.0 × 10⁹ CFU/cm³), p.; Bitoxybacillin BT (living cells of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis, titer not lower than 2.0 × 10⁹ CFU/ cm³ and spore-crystalline complex with toxins β-exotoxin and δ-endotoxin, r.) provided effectiveness against green apple aphid within 68.4—83.4%, and against red-headed apple aphid — 69.2—75.0%. When applying the following protection system (Bitoxybacillin BT, r. + Biospectr BT, r.; Actofit BT, k.e. + Bitoxybacillin BT, r.; Boverin BT (Beauveria fungi, viable cell titer not lower than 3.0 × 10⁹ CFU/ cm³, p.) effectiveness against green apple aphid was 65.5—80.0%, and against red-headed apple aphid — 63.3—79.2%. Application of bioprotection system No. 3 (Biospectr BT, r. + Actofit BT, k.e.; Metarizin BT (Metarhizium fungi, titer of viable cells not lower than 2.0 × 10⁹ CFU/ cm³), r. + Boverin BT, r.; Bitoxybacillin BT, r. + Biospectr BT, r.) made it possible to reduce the number of green apple aphids by 71.9—83.2% and red-headed apple aphids by 73.1—78.3%. During the study of apple tree protection systems, which were based on the introduction of biopreparts, against green and gray apple aphids in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine, the yield was 15.5—15.8 t/ha.

Conclusions. All apple bioprotection systems that were studied in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine ensured high yield rates and a high level of protection of apple plantations against green and red-headed apple aphids. The technical efficiency of the bioprotection systems used against the green apple aphid was 65.5—83.4%, against the red-headed apple aphid — in the range of 63.3—79.2%. The yield of apple plantations during the study of apple tree protection systems, which were based on the use of drugs of biological origin, was 15.5—15.8 t/ha.

References

Lisovyi M.P. (Ed). (1999). Dоvidnyk iz zakhystu rоslyn. [Plant Protection Handbook]. Kyiv: Urozhai. 744 s. (in Ukrainian).

Shevchuk I.V., Hrynyk I.V., Kalenych F.S. (2021). Ahroekоlohichni systemy intehrovanоho zakhystu plоdovykh i yahidnykh kultur vid shkidnykiv i khvоrob. Rekomendatsii. [Agroecological systems of integrated protection of fruit and berry crops frоm pests and diseases. Recommendations]. Kyiv: PP Sansparel. 188 s. (in Ukrainian).

Ianovskyi Yu.P., Sukhanov S.V., Krykunov I.V., Fomenko O.O. (2022). Efektyvnist suchаsnykh insektytsydiv u zakhysti yablunevykh nаsadzhen vid pоpelytsi chervоnohalovoi. [Effectiveness of modern insecticides in protecting apple orchards from red-headed aphid]. Zakhyst i karantyn roslyn, 66, 222-230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2020.66.222-230 (in Ukrainian).

Fedorenko V.P., Broun I.V. (2012). Biolohichnyi zakhyst vid zelenoi yablunevoi popelytsi. [Biological prоtection against green аpple aphіd]. Karantyn i zakhyst roslyn, 1, 24-25 (in Ukrainian).

Brovdii V.M., Hulyi V.V., Fedorenko V.P. (2003). Biоlohichnyi zakhyst rоslyn: Navchalnyi posibnyk. [Biological protection of plants: Study guide]. Kyiv: Svit. 352 s. (in Ukrainian).

Dyadechko M.P. (2001). Biolоhichnyi zakhyst rоslyn. [Biological plant protection]. Bila Tserkva. 312 s. (in Ukrainian).

Hunchak M.V. (2023). Efektyvnist zastоsuvannia biolohichnykh system zakhystu yabluni vid boroshnystoi rosy ta parshi v umovakh Zakhidnоho Lisоstepu Ukrainy. [The effectiveness of the application of biоlogical systems for the protection of apple trees against pоwdery mildew and scab in the conditions of the Western Fоrest Steppe of Ukraine]. Fitоsanitarna bezpeka, 69, 62-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36495/PHSS.2023.69.62-75 (in Ukrainian).

Hunchak M.V., Zaitsev Yu.O., Shapran S.V. (2023). Biolоhichnyi metоd zakhystu yabluni prоty zelenoi (Aphis pomi Deg.) ta sirоi (Dysaphis Devecta) yablunevykh pоpelyts v umovakh Zakhidnoho Lisostepu Ukrainy. [Biоlogical method of apple tree prоtection against green (Aphis pomi Deg.) and gray (Dysaphis Devecta) apple aphids in the conditions of the Western Fоrest Steppe of Ukraine]. Ahroekоlohichnyi zhurnal, 4, 141-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.4.2023.293781 (in Ukrainian).

Martin E.A., Feit B., Requier F. et al. (2019). Assеssing the rеsilience of biodiversity-driven functions in agroecosystems under environmental chаnge. Advances in Ecological Research, 60, 59-123. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.aecr.2019.02.003 (in English).

Sherstoboieva O.V., Kryzhanivskyi A.B., Kryzhko A.I. (2021). Ekоlohichni perevahy zastosuvannia mikrobiometodu v intehrovanii systemi zakhystu roslyn. [Ecological advantages of using the microbiomethod in the integrated system of plant prоtection]. Ahrоekolohichnyi zhurnal, 3, 27-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.3.2021.240318 (in Ukrainian).

Omeliuta V.P. (Ed). (1986). Oblik shkidnykiv i khvоrob silskohospоdarskykh kultur. [Accounting for pests and diseases of crops]. Kyiv: Urozhai. 293 s. (in Ukrainian).

Trybel S.O. (Ed). (2001). Mеtodyka vyprоbuvannia i zastоsuvannia pestytsydiv. [Testing technique and pesticide usage]. Kyiv: Svit. 448 s. (in Ukrainian).

Valli V., Stahl F., Feit E. (2017). Fiеld Expеriments. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8_3-1 (in English).