Monitoring of the phytosanitary state of grape plantations in the south of Ukraine in 2022—2024
Abstract
Goal. The protection of vineyards is based on monitoring, which provides early detection, assessment of the degree of infection and forecasting of future populations of pests, which increases the chances of avoiding economic losses from them. Phytosanitary monitoring in regulating the intensity of development and spread of phytopathogenic organisms is of undoubted economic and environmental importance.
Methods of the work was to study the peculiarities of the spread and development of harmful objects and weeds in the vineyards of the South of Ukraine. The main research methods were: field — to determine the distribution, development and harmfulness of the main harmful objects of vineyards and weeds; laboratory — to study pathogens of grape diseases; visual and mathematical-statistical. The objects of monitoring were grape plantations of different planting dates and varietal assortment.
Results. Field surveys in 2022—2024 revealed the spread and development of Plasmopara viticola Berl. et Toni and Uncinula necator Berk. on grape plantations in the South of Ukraine. It was found that the most favorable for Plasmopara viticola Berl. et Toni was the vegetation period of 2024, when a high degree of disease development was observed on the inflorescences and the spread in untreated areas was almost 80%, with the development of the disease 20%. It was determined that during the years of research the conditions were favorable for the manifestation of Uncinula necator Berk., the highest percentage of distribution was observed at the end of the growing season on the clusters and reached 60%, with 30% development. Pheromone monitoring conducted during the study period revealed the dynamics of Lobesia botrana Schiff. population development, the timing and duration of all stages of the pest. Observations showed a different number of males of the first generation of the butterfly per trap. The largest number of males, compared to 2023—2024, was recorded in 2022. It was found that a mixed type of weediness is observed in vineyards, namely, root and rhizome perennials, which are the most widespread and harmful weed species.
Conclusions. The results of the research conducted in 2022—2024, taking into account the phytosanitary condition of vineyards in the following years, provide the basis for the development of a system of protective measures for further implementation in the technology of grape growing.
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