Efficiency of systems of biological protection of potatoes against diseases
Abstract
Goal. To investigate the application of various potato protection schemes based on biological preparations and to determine their effectiveness against the most harmful diseases.
Methods. Laboratory (pathogen identification, disease diagnosis) and field (vegetation indicators analysis) research methods. The study of the effectiveness of biological preparations was carried out on the basis of the Ukrainian Research Plant Quarantine Station of the Institute of Plant Protection against a natural infectious background. During the growing season, three foliar treatments with drugs were carried out.
Results. The use of biological preparations of a fungicidal and stimulating nature contributed to the growth of yield and improvement of the marketability of potatoes. The highest yield was formed by treatment with the preparation BioHybervit BT and amounted to 21.3 t/ha. The best protection of potatoes against diseases was obtained with the use of Bactophyt BT, where the effectiveness against Alternaria was 66.8%, and against late blight — 89.8%. Stimulating drugs provided an immunoprotective effect of 65—70% against phytophthora and 40—47% against Alternaria. The best indicators of tuber formation and productivity were noted in scheme 4, which included the use of the following drugs: Vitastim BT, Trihopsyn BT, Gliocladin BT, Biospectr BT, Bactophyt BT and chelates 1 and 2, where the weight of tubers per plant was 693 g/plant.
Conclusions. The use of a number of biological preparations during the growing season contributed to the control of the main potato diseases and the preservation of the crop. Biological drugs and growth stimulants that showed the highest efficiency were used for the development of potato protection schemes. The use of a system of biopreparations, which included 4 consecutive treatments with combinations of the stimulating nature drug Vitastim BT with BT fungicides and chelated microelements, provided the best protection. Against phytophthora this indicator was 78.4% and 78.9% against Alternaria.
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