Phytosanitary state of potato cancer centres Synchytrium endobiotocum (Schilb.) Perc. in Ukraine

A. Zelya; G. Zelya; T. Makar

doi:10.36495/PHSS.2025.71.61-76

A. Zelya Ukrainian Scientific-Research Plant Quarantine Station of Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS, 6, Naukova str., v. Boyani, Novoselitsa district, Chernivtsi region, 60321, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1470-7707
G. Zelya Ukrainian Scientific-Research Plant Quarantine Station of Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS, 6, Naukova str., v. Boyani, Novoselitsa district, Chernivtsi region, 60321, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7040-1908
T. Makar Ukrainian Scientific-Research Plant Quarantine Station of Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS, 6, Naukova str., v. Boyani, Novoselitsa district, Chernivtsi region, 60321, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5432-2759

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36495/PHSS.2025.71.61-76

Keywords: wart, zoosporangia, soil, load, phytosanitary condition

Abstract

Goal. To analyze the phytosanitary status of potato wart foci in the Carpathian region of Ukraine and to determine the degree of soil infection pressure caused by the pathogen in 2022—2024.

Methods. The material for the study consisted of soil samples collected from various disease foci. Soil samples were taken to detect zoosporangia of the potato wart pathogen using standard methods according to EPPO Standard PM 7/28(2). Zoosporangia of the pathogen were isolated by flotation in a calcium chloride solution. The viability of the zoosporangia was determined using Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 solution.

Results. In the surveyed areas, the number of zoosporangia per 1 g of soil was as follows: Zakarpattia region — 34—36; Ivano-Frankivsk region — 32—34; Lviv region — 33.0—36.9; and Chernivtsi region — 42—48.

Conclusions. Monitoring of the infection pressure in potato wart foci in the Carpathian region of Ukraine in 2022—2024 showed that, compared to 2016—2019, the level of soil infestation with zoosporangia of the pathogen has decreased. Continuous monitoring of the phytosanitary status has allowed timely response to the threat of disease occurrence. Due to measures for localization, eradication, and prevention of further disease spread carried out by the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection, as well as the implementation of effective control measures by researchers of the Ukrainian Scientific Research Plant Quarantine Station of the Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS, and thanks to the breeders of the Institute of Potato Research and the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region, NAAS, the phytosanitary condition of the fields has been improved in recent years.

References

Melnik P.O. (2003). Etiolohiia raku kartopli, bioekolohichne obhruntuvannia zakhodiv yoho profilaktyky ta obmezhennia rozvytku. [Potato wart etiology, bioecological justification of measures, it’s prevention and restriction of development]. (in Ukrainian).

EPPO (2023). EPPO Global Database (available online). URL: https://gd.eppo.int

Boberg J., Björklund N. (2018). Synchytrium endobioticum — pathotypes, resistance of Solanum tuberosum and management. Report by Unit for Risk Assessment of Plant Pests at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 38 p. URL: https://www.slu.se/globalassets/ew/org/centrb/riskv/pub/rapport-synchytrium-endobioticum_21sept2018.pdf

van de Vossenberg В.T.L.H., Prodhomme C., Vossen J.H, Van der Lee T.A.J. (2022). Synchytrium endobioticum, the potato wart disease pathogen. Molecular Plant Pathology, 23(4), 461-474. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13183

Obidiegwu J.E., Flath K., Gebhardt C. (2014). Managing potato wart: a review of present research status and future perspective. Theoretical and applied genetics, 27(4), 763-780. URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00122-014-2268-0 (дата звернення: 08.04.2025).

Çakir E., Demirci F. (2017). A new pathotype of Synchytrium endobioticum in Turkey: Pathotype 2. Bitki koruma bulteni, 57(4), 415-422. https://doi/org/10.16955/bitkorb.34044

Przetakiewicz J. (2015). First report of new pathotype 39 (P1) of Synchytrium endobioticum causing potato wart disease in Poland. Plant Disease, 99(2), 285.2. https://doi/org/10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0636-PDN

Przetakiewicz J., Plich J. (2017). Assessment of the resistance to potato wart disease and pathotype identification Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb) Perc. іn Poland. Plant Breeding and Seed Science, (78), 37-43. ·https://doi.org /10.1515/plass-2017-00019

Przetakiewicz J. (2017). Sampling, maintenance and pathotype identification Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc. Plant Breeding and Seed Science, 76, 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1515/plass-2017-0018

Gorgiladze L., Meparishvili G., Sikharulidze Z., Natsarishvili K., Meparishvili S. (2014). First report of Synchytrium endobioticum causing potato wart in Georgia. New Disease Reports, 30(4). URL: http://www.ndrs.org.uk/article.php?id=030004 (дата звернення: 08.04.2025).

Sikharulidze Z.V., Ghoghoberidze S.Y, Mentink N.M., Meparishvili G.V., Tsetskhladze Ts.M., G.J.S.M. van Leeven. (2019). Identification of the pathotype of Synchytrium endobioticum casual agent of potato wart disease, present in Georgia. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 49(2), 314-320. https://doi.org 10.1111/epp.12582

Röhrs I., Linde M., Jaroslaw Przetakiewicz J., Zelya A., Zelya A., Pucher A., Tlapák H., Debener T. (2023). Potato Wart Izolates from Europe and Nort America Form Distinct Clusters of Genetic Variation. Life, 13, 1883. Basel, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091883

Sasyn V.M., Makovetska O.I. (2007). Chy realno borotysia z rakom kartopli. [You really have to deal with potato wart]. https://uzhgorod/net/ua/news/45361 (last accessed: 10. 04.2025) (in Ukrainian).

Ohliad poshyrennia karantynnykh orhanizmiv v Ukraini stanom na 01.01.2024r. [Review of quarantine pests spread in Ukraine on 01.01.2025]. URL: http://www.consumer.gov.ua/ContentPages/Oglyad_Poshirennya_Karantinnikh_Organizmiv_V_Ukraini/2124 . (last accessed: 10.04.2025). (in Ukrainian).

Zelya A.G., Gunchak V.M., Melnik A.T., Andriychuc T.O., Popesku G.S., Zadorsky E.V. (2020). Fitosanitarnyi stan vohnyshch raku kartopli Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival v Karpatskomu rehioni Ukrainy. [The phytosanitary term of old sources potato wart Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc. in Ukraine]. Karantin i zahyst Roslyn, 4-6 (261), 9-15. https://doi.org/1036495/2312-0614/2020/4-6.9-15. (in Ukrainian).

Zelya A.H., Janse L.A., Janse J.D., Ghoghoberidze S.E., Zelya G.V., Kordulean R.O., Sikharulidze Z.V. (2021). Efficiency of detecting resting spores of Synchytrium endobioticum (potato wart disease) in infested sites of Ukraine and Georgif. Agricultural science and Practice, 8(2), 36-48. https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.02.036

Zelia A., Gunchak V., Zelia G., Makar T., Cuvchinov A. (2017). Vyiavlennia ta identyfikatsiia patotypiv raku kartopli Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc. u Zakhidnomu Lisostepu Ukrainy. [Detection and identification of pathotypes of potato wart Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc. in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine]. Zakhyst i karantyn roslyn, [Plant Protection and Quarantine], 63, 57-68. https://doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2017.63.57-68. (in Ukrainian).

EPPO Standard PM 7/28/1 Synchytrium endobioticum. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin. 2004. Vol. 34, No2. P. 213-218. URL: https://www.furs.si/law/eppo/zvr/ENG/EPPO2004/diag_protokoli_PM7/pm7-28(1).pdf. (10.06.2025).

EPPO Standard PM 7/28/2 Synchytrium endobioticum. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin. (2017). 47(3), 420-440. URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.12588 (10.06.2025).

EPPO phytosanitary procedures PM 3/59(3) (2017). Synchytrium endobioticum: descheduling of previously infested plots. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin. 47(3), 366-368. https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12409

Zelya A.G., Gunchak V.M., Zelya G.V., Gavriliyk A.T., Andriychuk T.O., Skoreiyko A.M. Pat. № 156650 Ukraina, MPK (2024.01).G01N33/24(2006.01) A01M17/00. Sposib vyiavlennia zoosporanhiiv zbudnyka raku kartopli Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc. z gruntu. [Method for detecting zoosporangia of the potato wart pathogen Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Pers. from soil samples]. № u2023 06567; declared on 08.09.2023; publiched on 24.07.2024. 6 p. (in Ukrainian).

EU 2022. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1195 of 11 July 2022 establishing measures to eradicate and prevent the spead of Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival. Oficial Journal of the European Union, L. 185/65, 12.7.2022.

Çakir E., Demirci F. (2023). Control of potato wart disease (Synchytrium endobioticum) by fungicide soil treatments. Fitosanitarna bezpeka, [Phytosanitary safety], 69, 301-313. https://doi.org/10.36495/PHSS.2023.69.301-313 .

Zelia A., Makar T., Zelia H. (2024). Efektyvnist dii Peroksydu sechovynyproty raku ta hloboderozu kartopli. [The effectiveness of urea peroxide against potato wart and globoderosis]. Karantyn i zakhyst roslyn, [Quarantine and Plant Protection], 3 (278), 24-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2024.3.24-27 (in Ukrainian).

Kushnir O.V., Humenna A.V., Vovk M.V. (2016). Syntez 4-aryl-1,6-dialkil-3,4-dyhidro-1N-pirolo[3,4-d] pirymidyn-2,5,7-tryoniv ta yikh bakterytsydna aktyvnist. [Synthesis of 4-aryl-1,6-dialkyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-d ] pyrimidine-2,5,7-triones and and their antifungal action]. Naukovyi visnyk ChNU, 771, 69-72. https://ru.scribd.com/document/327372225/NV-771-2016#fullscreen&from_embed (in Ukrainian).

Zelia A., Kushnir O., Zelia G., Vovk M., Makar T. (2022). Vplyv preparativ riznoi pryrody na zhyttiezdatnist zoosporanhiiv zbudnyka raku Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc. [The effect of drugs of various nature on the viability of zoosporangia of the wart pathogen Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perс.]. Fitosanitarna bezpeka, [Phytosanitary safety], 68, 84-97. https://doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2022.68.84-97 (in Ukrainian).