Phytomonitoring of Field Agrocenoses in the Western Region of Ukraine
Abstract
Goal. Phytosanitary monitoring of field agrocenoses in the western region of Ukraine and analysis of the dynamics of the spread of plant pathogens and pests.
Methods. In three locations in Lviv, Volyn, Ternopil, Khmelnytskyi, and Ivano-Frankivsk regions, crops of winter wheat, soybean, and winter rapeseed were surveyed during 2016—2024; corn and sunflower — during 2020—2024; sugar beet — during 2022—2024. The species composition of plant pathogens and pests was determined under laboratory conditions.
Results. The dominant diseases in winter wheat crops were Septoria leaf blotch, powdery mildew, and Fusarium head blight, which is dangerous due to the accumulation of mycotoxins in the grain; the main pests were cereal flies and cereal aphids. In corn crops, the most common diseases were northern corn leaf spot (helminthosporiosis), common smut, and Fusarium ear rot; among pests — the European corn borer, cereal aphids, and the western corn rootworm. Soybean plants were most often affected by downy mildew and Cercospora leaf spot pathogens, and in 2022 also by white mold (Sclerotinia rot); pests included aphids, the twospotted spider mite, and pea leaf weevils. The main diseases of winter rapeseed were downy mildew, blackleg (Phoma stem canker), and Alternaria leaf spot; pests included cabbage stem weevils, the rapeseed blossom beetle, and the brassica pod midge. In sunflower crops, the most frequently detected diseases were Phoma stem canker, Phomopsis stem blight, downy mildew, and in 2022 — white mold and grey mold; pests included aphids and the twospotted spider mite. The main diseases of sugar beet were Cercospora leaf spot and downy mildew; pests included the beet leaf aphid, the beet leaf miner fly, beet weevils, and the beet moth.
Conclusions. The monitoring results indicate a diversity of harmful organism species that damage or infect plants throughout the entire growing season, which necessitates the development of a set of protective measures.
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