Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Phytosanitary safety

Database of innovative developments on oilseed crop protection in Ukraine

2025-12-11T19:14:40+02:00

Goal. Creation of a conceptual model of a database that accumulates, classifies and provides access to innovative development in the field of oilseed crop protection in Ukraine. Such a system should help to increase the efficiency of agricultural production, reduce the risk of crop losses, and maintain the sustainable development of the agricultural sector.

Methods: empirical, theoretical, generalization, classification, definition of sources of information, accumulation of information, formalization, filtration and sorting of data.

Results. According to the analysis of innovative developments of the Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS and other institutions of the Scientific and Methodological Center «Plant Protection» for 2001—2023, a database of innovations of oilseed crop protection in Ukraine was formed. The database contains 122 scientific developments regarding the forecasting of phytosanitary condition of crops, breeding of oilseed crops for resistance against harmful organisms; biological and chemical methods of plant protection and quarantine, technologies of protection.

Conclusions. The use of the created databases will make innovations in the protection of oilseed crops (sunflower, soybean, rape, mustard, Camelina, flax and poppy) accessible to a wide range of users, will help to further use new studies and develop, obtain additional products and increase the profitability of oil production.

Elements of integrated protection of cherries in the Western Ukrainian Forest-Steppe Province

2025-12-11T19:18:17+02:00

Goal. Study of the effectiveness of the fungicide Signum, WG (pyraclostrobin, 67 g/kg + boscalid, 267 g/kg) for the protection of cherries against common pathogenic micromycetes: clasterosporiosis Clasterosporium carpophilum Aderh., moniliosis Monilia cinerea Bon., and coccomycosis Coccomyces hiemalis Higgins in the Western Ukrainian Forest-Steppe Province.

Methods. The study was conducted in 2022—2023 in cherry plantations at the Ukrainian Research Station of Plant Quarantine of the Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS, using field methods (study of the dynamics of the development of cherry diseases; assessment of the effectiveness of chemical crop protection) and laboratory methods (phytopathological analysis).

Results. A cold spring during the research years, with excess precipitation and low April temperatures, contributed to cherry infection and the development of diseases during the growing season. Diseases often reached epiphytotic levels and required active protection against pathogens. To treat trees, the fungicide Signum, WG was applied at the rates of 12 g and 8 g per 10 l of water. The fungicide Horus 75 WG (cyprodinil, 750 g/kg) was used as a standard — 3 ml per 10 l of water. The product showed high efficiency against the indicated diseases. The technical efficiency of the fungicide Signum, WG against clasterosporiosis was 77.2—82.3%; against moniliosis — 83.5—89.9%; against coccomycosis — 86.0—89.1%. The damage to berries in the control variant at the time of fruit harvesting was: clasterosporiosis — 6.2%; moniliosis — 12.7%; coccomycosis — 12.8%.

Conclusions. Application of the fungicide Signum, WG in the research area against clasterosporiosis (Clasterosporium carpophilum (Lev.) Aderh.), moniliosis (Monilia cinerea Pers.), and coccomycosis (Coccomyces hiemalis Higgins) provided reliable protection of cherry plantations, allowing to obtain an additional crop yield of 27.6%.

Quarantine Status of Ukraine

2025-12-11T19:21:01+02:00

Goal. To analyze the spread of quarantine species of pests, plant disease pathogens, phytoparasitic nematodes, and weeds based on data from the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection.

Methods. Official data on the spread of quarantine harmful organisms were interpreted using the analytical-comparative method.

Results. As of 01.01.2025, the spread of nine species of plant pests (five from List A-2 of the List of Regulated Harmful Organisms and four from List A-1), eight diseases (five from List A-2 and three from List A-1), one species of nematode (from List A-2), and nine species plus one genus of weeds (from List A-2) was recorded in Ukraine. Quarantine pests and weeds were more widely distributed in the southern and eastern regions, while the distribution range of diseases was more shifted toward the western part of Ukraine. In 2024, an expansion of distribution areas was recorded for the western corn rootworm, American white moth, potato tuber moth, South American tomato moth, emerald ash borer, and the brown marmorated stink bug; among weeds — for common ragweed, creeping knotweed, Cuscuta spp., and particularly field dodder. A decrease in infested areas was recorded for potato wart disease, golden potato cyst nematode, and tobacco ringspot nepovirus.

Conclusions. As of 01.01.2025, the western corn rootworm and American white moth were the most widespread among quarantine pests, flax rust among diseases, and common ragweed among quarantine weeds. The situation is alarming regarding the spread of species listed in List A-1 of the List of Regulated Harmful Organisms, particularly the emerald ash borer and the brown marmorated stink bug. To prevent the introduction and spread of quarantine plant pests, all business entities engaged in plant production must strictly adhere to relevant phytosanitary measures.

Diagnosis of viruses in potato plantations and their impact on the yield

2025-12-11T19:28:09+02:00

Goal. To diagnose potato virus Y (PVY) and potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) in potato plantations and determine the impact of the pathogens on plant yield.

Methods. Visual diagnosis method, double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, morphomentric and statistic methods were carried out in this study.

Results. Among the varieties studied, the most common symptom was upward leaf rolling, with some varieties exhibiting mosaics with necrosis and leaf deformation when the others show leaf rolling with necrosis. Virus identification was carried out in different potato varieties. It was found that PVY was detected in 3 varieties, PLRV was revealed in 4 varieties, mixed infection of PVY + PLRV was confirmed in 2 potato varieties, the incidence was 27.3%, 36.4% and 18.2%, respectively.It was found that among all varieties of different maturity groups, the most pronounced harmful effect of viruses on yield was observed in early varieties. Moreover, exactly PLRV infection most significantly reduced such indicators as yield (g/bush), average weight of one tuber, and average weight of one marketable tuber or mixed infection PLRV + PVY (in the case of mid-early varieties) compared to PVY mono-infection (for early, medium- and late-maturing varieties). On the other hand, the presence of PVY in plants (in mono- or coinfection with PLRV) reduced the average number of tubers per bush more than PLRV for some varieties.

Conclusions. Significant yield losses observed due to PVY, PLRV and PVY + PLRV coinfection indicate the need to use virus-free seed potatoes or varieties resistant to them.

Phytosanitary state of potato cancer centres Synchytrium endobiotocum (Schilb.) Perc. in Ukraine

2025-12-11T19:31:22+02:00

Goal. To analyze the phytosanitary status of potato wart foci in the Carpathian region of Ukraine and to determine the degree of soil infection pressure caused by the pathogen in 2022—2024.

Methods. The material for the study consisted of soil samples collected from various disease foci. Soil samples were taken to detect zoosporangia of the potato wart pathogen using standard methods according to EPPO Standard PM 7/28(2). Zoosporangia of the pathogen were isolated by flotation in a calcium chloride solution. The viability of the zoosporangia was determined using Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 solution.

Results. In the surveyed areas, the number of zoosporangia per 1 g of soil was as follows: Zakarpattia region — 34—36; Ivano-Frankivsk region — 32—34; Lviv region — 33.0—36.9; and Chernivtsi region — 42—48.

Conclusions. Monitoring of the infection pressure in potato wart foci in the Carpathian region of Ukraine in 2022—2024 showed that, compared to 2016—2019, the level of soil infestation with zoosporangia of the pathogen has decreased. Continuous monitoring of the phytosanitary status has allowed timely response to the threat of disease occurrence. Due to measures for localization, eradication, and prevention of further disease spread carried out by the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection, as well as the implementation of effective control measures by researchers of the Ukrainian Scientific Research Plant Quarantine Station of the Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS, and thanks to the breeders of the Institute of Potato Research and the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region, NAAS, the phytosanitary condition of the fields has been improved in recent years.

Weeds in the vineyards of the Odesa region

2025-12-11T19:34:30+02:00

Goal. To clarify the characteristics of weed infestation in industrial vineyards of the Odesa region and to improve their weed control system.

Methods. A route survey was used to determine the species composition of weeds; a quantitative weight-based method was applied to assess the biometric indicators of weed growth and development; a comparative calculation method was used to establish the effectiveness of herbicide application; and a statistical method was employed to evaluate the reliability of the obtained results.

Results. During phytosanitary surveys of industrial vineyards in the Odesa region conducted from 2022 to 2024, 59 weed species belonging to 24 botanical families were identified. The greatest species diversity was recorded among the Asteraceae and Poaceae families. Among perennial weeds, the dominant species were couch grass (Agropyrum repens L.), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), and creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense L.), while among annuals the most prevalent were redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis L.). The study established the dynamics of weed density, biomass accumulation, and height growth. The most intensive seed germination occurred from early May to mid-June. Field trials on herbicide efficiency showed that Roundup Max (isopropylamine salt of glyphosate, 607 g/L) at a rate of 6.0 L/ha provided up to 100.0% control of annual weeds and 98.1—100.0% of perennial weeds one month after application. The addition of Trend 90 (90% heptamethyltrisiloxane ethoxylate) allowed reducing the herbicide rate without loss of efficacy. Contact herbicides such as Reglone Forte 200 SL (diquat ion as diquat dibromide, 200 g/L) and Basta 150 SL (ammonium glufosinate, 150 g/L) were highly effective against annual weeds but required two applications for effective control of perennial species.

Conclusions. Phytosanitary monitoring of industrial vineyards in the Odesa region from 2022 to 2024 revealed high weed species diversity — 59 species from 24 families, with Asteraceae and Poaceae being the most represented. The study identified patterns of seed germination, biomass accumulation, and weed growth, which makes it possible to determine critical periods of their development for protection strategies. The effectiveness of various herbicides and optimal application rates was also determined for the control of both annual and perennial weeds.

Phytomonitoring of Field Agrocenoses in the Western Region of Ukraine

2025-12-11T19:40:13+02:00

Goal. Phytosanitary monitoring of field agrocenoses in the western region of Ukraine and analysis of the dynamics of the spread of plant pathogens and pests.

Methods. In three locations in Lviv, Volyn, Ternopil, Khmelnytskyi, and Ivano-Frankivsk regions, crops of winter wheat, soybean, and winter rapeseed were surveyed during 2016—2024; corn and sunflower — during 2020—2024; sugar beet — during 2022—2024. The species composition of plant pathogens and pests was determined under laboratory conditions.

Results. The dominant diseases in winter wheat crops were Septoria leaf blotch, powdery mildew, and Fusarium head blight, which is dangerous due to the accumulation of mycotoxins in the grain; the main pests were cereal flies and cereal aphids. In corn crops, the most common diseases were northern corn leaf spot (helminthosporiosis), common smut, and Fusarium ear rot; among pests — the European corn borer, cereal aphids, and the western corn rootworm. Soybean plants were most often affected by downy mildew and Cercospora leaf spot pathogens, and in 2022 also by white mold (Sclerotinia rot); pests included aphids, the twospotted spider mite, and pea leaf weevils. The main diseases of winter rapeseed were downy mildew, blackleg (Phoma stem canker), and Alternaria leaf spot; pests included cabbage stem weevils, the rapeseed blossom beetle, and the brassica pod midge. In sunflower crops, the most frequently detected diseases were Phoma stem canker, Phomopsis stem blight, downy mildew, and in 2022 — white mold and grey mold; pests included aphids and the twospotted spider mite. The main diseases of sugar beet were Cercospora leaf spot and downy mildew; pests included the beet leaf aphid, the beet leaf miner fly, beet weevils, and the beet moth.

Conclusions. The monitoring results indicate a diversity of harmful organism species that damage or infect plants throughout the entire growing season, which necessitates the development of a set of protective measures.

Impact of root rot on the yield of winter wheat varieties under steppe conditions

2025-12-11T19:51:43+02:00

Goal. To determine the level of development and spread of root rot in winter wheat varieties and the formation of yield depending on predecessors and sowing dates.

Methods. The research was conducted in 2021—2023 at the experimental field of the Institute of Grain Crops of the NAAS of Ukraine, located at the Dnipro Experimental Farm (Dnipro, Ukraine). Agrotechnical measures for winter wheat cultivation followed generally accepted recommendations. The predecessors of winter wheat were black fallow, pea, and sunflower. The experiment used Ukrainian-bred winter wheat varieties, namely Blahodatna, Liha Odeska, Podolianka, and Bohdana.

Results. Root rot infestation of winter wheat depended on the variety, predecessor, and sowing date. The least susceptible was Blahodatna, where disease spread was 8—12% lower and development 4—6% lower compared to the most vulnerable varieties, while Liha Odeska and Bohdana showed the highest infestation (84—96% spread and over 40% development after pea and late sowing). Optimal sowing dates ensured minimal infestation — only 43—52% after black fallow with 2.5—6% development, whereas late sowing increased the disease to 70—96 % with up to 45% development. Yield largely depended on the combination of sowing date and predecessor: the optimal date provided 4.83—5.94 t/ha, which was 0.4—0.7 t/ha (7—12%) higher compared to early and late sowings. Black fallow contributed to a yield increase of 0.6—0.8 t/ ha (12—15%) compared to sunflower and 0.3—0.5 t/ha (6—9%) compared to pea. Among the varieties, Liha Odeska showed stable productivity, Blahodatna provided a uniform yield level, while Podolianka and Bohdana were more variable.

Conclusions. The Blahodatna variety was the least affected by root rot, while the highest yields (4.83—5.94 t/ha) under the Northern Steppe conditions were ensured by the Liha Odeska variety when sown at the optimal time after black fallow.

Features of the use of fungicides against dry spot of potatoes

2025-12-11T19:55:57+02:00

Goal. To establish the influence of fungicide application timing on the effectiveness of potato protection against early blight (Alternaria) and to assess the effectiveness of fungicides of different modes of action.

Methods. Information-analytical, field research (experiment setup, fungicide treatments, recording disease incidence, harvesting), mathematical-statistical. Systemic, contact, and systemic-contact fungicides were studied on potato varieties Bellarosa and Povyn.

Results. One of the most common methods of protecting potatoes from diseases during the growing season is chemical protection, which is based on the use of fungicides. Experiments with the first fungicide treatment at different times — before the appearance of the first signs of infection and with the appearance of the first symptoms — showed significantly higher protection effectiveness when treatments started prophylactically, before the symptoms appeared. The difference in fungicide effectiveness when applied before and after the appearance of symptoms averaged 29—32%, and 22% overall during the observation period. The effectiveness of the studied fungicides on the Bellarosa variety was 67.3—79.7%, and on the Povyn variety — 61.2—73.3%. The highest effectiveness on Bellarosa was shown by systemic-contact fungicides Quadris Top 325 SC, Miravis 200 SC, and Orvego SC, while on Povyn — Nativo 75 WG, Quadris Top 325 SC, and Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WG. Systemic and systemic-contact fungicides generally provided a higher protective effect compared to contact fungicides. Fungicidal protection of potatoes against early blight contributed to increased yield. On Bellarosa, the preserved yield amounted to 1.7—4.7 t/ha, and on Povyn — 5.5—7.2 t/ha depending on the fungicide.

Conclusions. The use of fungicides makes it possible to effectively control the development of potato early blight during the growing season. It was proven that spraying plants before the first symptoms appear increases fungicide effectiveness on average 1.7 times. The effectiveness of systemic and systemic-contact fungicides on the studied varieties was on average 7—10% higher compared to contact fungicides. The use of fungicides contributed to an increase in potato yield by 5.4—29.2% on average, depending on the variety and the preparation.

The impact of warming on the growth of the cabbage moth population in the Western Forest-Steppe conditions

2025-12-11T19:58:05+02:00

Goal. To study the peculiarities of the biology and population control of the cabbage moth on winter rapeseed crops.

Methods. Field — methods commonly used in entomology and plant protection to study the species composition of pests and entomophages, the dynamics of their numbers and harmfulness, and to evaluate the effectiveness of chemical methods of crop protection; laboratory — clarification of the species composition of phytophages and entomophages; mathematical and statistical — establishing the reliability of the results obtained; computational — determining the economic effectiveness of chemical protection of winter rapeseed from a complex of pests.

Results. Based on observations, the phenology of the cabbage moth on winter rapeseed crops in the Western Forest-Steppe region has been compiled. It has been noted that the flight of butterflies in spring begins in the Forest-Steppe and Polissya regions at the end of April. At an average daily air temperature of 14—18°C and a GTK of 2.3 the caterpillars appear in 9—12 days, and at 20—25°C and a GTK of 1.5, in 4—7 days. Studies have shown that the harmfulness of cabbage moth caterpillars depends on weather conditions. This is because feeding intensity increases at higher temperatures and low air humidity. At a GTK of 0.37, damage to winter rapeseed plants was 60%, and when the GTK increased to 2.96, damage to plants by cabbage moth caterpillars was three times less. As studies have shown that the most effective control methods are sowing dates and the use of insecticides. The optimal sowing dates for the area were August 15 to 20. Damage to early crops by cabbage moth caterpillars was 15.0%. During the period of the first true leaf appearance, this indicator did not exceed 16.7% with a damage score of 1.28. In late sowing crops, plant damage was more than twice as high, reaching 47.0%. It was noted that the effectiveness and period of protective action of insecticides are different. The highest technical effectiveness (80.2%) against cabbage moth caterpillars was observed on the 10 day after emergence in variants with the active ingredient thiamethoxam. When spraying with insecticides during the emergence phase of winter rapeseed, the highest effectiveness was observed in preparations based on active ingredients such as lambda cyhalothrin and dithemoate.

Conclusions. In the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe, the main factors in regulating damage to plants by the cabbage moth in the autumn period on winter rapeseed crops are sowing dates and chemical protection. The optimal sowing dates for the zone are August 15—20. The most effective insecticide for pre-sowing seed treatment was one with the active ingredient thiamethoxam, which had a technical efficiency of 80.2%. When spraying winter rapeseed seedlings, preparations with the active ingredient lambda cyhalothrin and dithimoate provided an effectiveness of 85.1—94.7%.

Pyrimidine derivatives impact and development cultivar-differentiators of potato wart in culture in vitro

2025-12-11T20:02:37+02:00

Goal. To determine the role of pyrimidine derivatives as growth stimulators in microclonal propagation and to study their effect on morphometric parameters and on the micropropagation coefficient of potato wart cultivar-differentiators in vitro culture.

Methods. The study was conducted in 2023—2024 at the Laboratory of Biotechnology of Agricultural Crops, Ukrainian Scientific Research Plant Quarantine Station, Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS. Plants were grown in a cultivation room under a 16- hour photoperiod with a light intensity of 2000—2500 lux, temperature of 22—25°C, and air humidity of 60—80%. To optimize the reproduction process and productivity of potatoes in in vitro culture, an experiment was carried out by adding various substances to the Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium: IAA (1 mg/L) + adenine (0.5 mg/L); IAA (1 mg/L) + adenine (0.5 mg/L) + xymedone (0.1 mL/L); IAA (1 mg/L) + adenine (0.5 mg/L) + xymedone (0.05 mL/L); IAA (1 mg/L) + adenine (0.5 mg/L) + xymedone (0.01 mL/L). The objects of the study were potato wart cultivar-differentiators: the early-maturing ‘Glazurna’ and the medium-late ‘Chervona Ruta’. For each cultivar, 25 plants were cut for propagation, with the experiment repeated three times.

Results. The addition of pyrimidine derivative–based preparations to the MS nutrient medium had a positive effect on the regulation of growth and development of potato wart cultivar-differentiators in vitro culture. The most effective treatment for the ontogenesis of test-tube potato plants was the addition of xymedone at a concentration of 0.05 mL/L to the MS nutrient medium. In ‘Glazurna’ plants, plant height increased 1.3-fold and the number of internodes 1.7-fold, while in ‘Chervona Ruta’ plant height increased 1.2-fold and the number of internodes 1.8-fold.

Conclusions. The tested preparations promoted an increase in plant height, number of internodes, and micropropagation coefficient. Adenine, as a component of nucleic acids and coenzymes, plays an important role in plant metabolism. It promotes more efficient energy use, affects photosynthesis intensity, cell division, and potato resistance to stress factors. IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) is one of the main natural auxins regulating plant growth and development; it participates in processes of cell division, elongation, differentiation, root formation, and other morphogenetic processes.

Monitoring of the phytosanitary condition of cucumber plantings under greenhouse conditions and features of the development of the Melon Aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover)

2025-12-11T20:05:26+02:00

Goal. To monitor the phytosanitary condition of cucumber crops under greenhouse conditions, identify the species composition of dominant pests, determine the period of emergence and development of the melon aphid (Aphis gossypii Glov.), and assess its population density.

Methods. The field method included monitoring to detect and study the seasonal dynamics of pest populations, as well as route inspections of cucumber crops. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Microbiological Plant Protection of the Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (NAAS) and in private film greenhouses (Kyiv region, Brovary district). Cucumber hybrids of both foreign and Ukrainian selection were used — Rodnychok F1, Kurazh F1, and Ekol F1. To study the development and population dynamics of the melon aphid on cucumbers under greenhouse conditions, systematic observations and counts of its population density were carried out.

Results. During the monitoring of cucumber plants in greenhouses in 2023—2025, it was found that throughout the vegetation period (spring–summer crop rotation), the crops were infested by the melon aphid (Aphis gossypii Glov.), spider mite (Tetranychidae), thrips (Thrips spp.), seedcorn maggot (Delia platura Mg.), and several polyphagous pests. Throughout the study years, the dominant pest species was the melon aphid (Aphis gossypii Glov.), accounting for 40.3—48.3% of the total pest complex. The spider mite (Tetranychidae) made up 38.5%. Cucumber plants were also infested by thrips, predominantly the tobacco thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) — 10%; seedcorn maggot (Delia platura Mg.) — 0.2—0.3%; and other polyphagous pests — 2.7%. It was determined that the flight of winged aphid migrants from overwintering sites began in early April, with mass larval hatching occurring at the beginning of the third ten-day period of April. The population density of the melon aphid increased throughout the cucumber vegetation period, reaching a maximum of 37 individuals per plant.

Conclusions. The conducted monitoring of phytophagous pests on cucumbers under greenhouse conditions showed that the dominant species is the melon aphid (Aphis gossypii Glov.), which forms the highest population density among other species. Determining the period of its flight from overwintering sites, the beginning of plant colonization, and the dynamics of population density makes it possible to timely predict pest emergence and determine optimal periods for preventive and protective measures. The obtained results have practical significance for the development of an integrated pest management (IPM) system for vegetable crops under greenhouse conditions. They provide a scientific basis for regulating aphid populations considering biotic and abiotic factors, contributing to reduced pesticide load, enhanced biological control efficiency, and stabilization of the phytosanitary condition of greenhouse agrocenoses.

Breeding for resistance of Triticum aestivum L. against Zymoseptoria tritici (Desm.) in the conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2025-12-11T20:08:23+02:00

Goal. To analyze the starting material of soft winter wheat for resistance against Zymoseptoria tritici Rob. et. Desm. and to select resistant samples, to monitor the manifestation of the resistance trait in intervarietal F1 hybrids.

Methods. Field, immunological, analytical.

Results. In 2023—2025, 31 varieties of soft winter wheat were tested for resistance to Z. tritici on a natural and artificial infectious background with enhanced virulence. In 2023, the varieties Ekpromt and Zolotokolosa were resistant to Z. tritici. In 2024, 6 samples of MIP Knyazhnya, Ekpromt, MIP Yuvileyna, Zolotokolosa, Pokrovskaya and Vagoma were resistant. In 2025, the intensity of the lesion was 5.0%, MIP Yuvileyna — very high resistance 0.1—5.0%. Resistance of 5.1—10.0% was observed in 9 varieties of MIP Knyazhnya, Avrora Mironivska, Zysk, Kubok, Lira Odesa, Spadshchyna Odesa, Pontiyka, Zhuravka Odesa, Mudrisht Odesa. In 2023—2025, different intensities of damage to Z. tritici varieties were detected. Resistance was demonstrated by the varieties of MIP Knyazhnya and MIP Yuvileyna. Moderate resistance of 10.1—15.0% was determined in 6 varieties: Aurora Mironivska, Zolotokolosa, Ekpromt, Pokrovska, Optima Odesa and Vagoma. Analysis of intervarietal F1 hybrids in 2024 showed a different nature of inheritance of resistance to Z. tritici — from positive overdominance (heterosis) to negative overdominance (depression). Depression was detected in 9 hybrids. Partial negative inheritance was identified in 10 cross combinations. In 2025, depression was observed in 4 hybrid combinations. 8 intervarietal cross combinations showed partial negative inheritance.

Conclusions. Testing of soft winter wheat varieties on natural and artificial infectious backgrounds of the pathogen Z. tritici with a high level of virulence makes it possible to determine different levels of their resistance. The varieties and F1 hybrids identified during the research will be used in further breeding work for resistance against the pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici in the conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

The effect of mycorrhizal fungi and bacterial endosymbionts on the productivity of raspberry plants under water-stressed conditions

2025-12-11T20:12:30+02:00

Goal. A study investigating the impact of a multicomponent, multifunctional inoculation comprising mycorrhizal fungi (Trichoderma and Glomus species) and bacteria (Agrobacterium) on the growth and productivity of raspberry plants (Rubus idaeus L.) under abiotic stress conditions (drought).

Methods. The research was conducted in open ground conditions at the experimental site of the Institute of Agrobiology LLC in Vysoke village, Brusyliv district, Zhytomyr region, from 2023 to 2025. The experimental plantings were cultivated using the Ukrainian-bred raspberry variety ‘Vognik’. The research design involved combinatorial inoculation of the fungi Trichoderma spp. and Glomus sp. and the bacteria Agrobacterium radiobacter into the rhizosphere of the plants via fertigation, under different soil moisture conditions: sufficient (80 ± 5% field capacity (FC)), moderate drought (50% FC) and severe drought (30% FC). General scientific and special methods were employed, including field, laboratory and statistical methods. The fungal strains (Trichoderma viride eko/103, T. harzianum eko/101 and Glomus sp. eko/104) were obtained from the Institute of Agrobiology LLC’s culture collection, while the Agrobacterium radiobacter bacteria were isolated directly by the authors.

Results. Field trials involving the inoculation of raspberry plants with Trichoderma and Glomus fungi and Agrobacterium bacterial symbionts demonstrated improvements in the plants’ overall condition and increased their resistance to stress under soil drought conditions. This reduced the leaf surface temperature by 5.8—11.2%, promoted the activation of photosynthesis and increased the content of chlorophylls «a» and «b» by 16.6—60.8%. It also increased productivity, with the weight of fruit per bush increasing by 1.08—1.27 times and the weight of a single berry by 13.5—33.3%. The final crop yield increased by 8.8—16.6% under various conditions of moisture deficiency.

Conclusions. The combined inoculation of mycorrhizal fungal consortia and bacterial endosymbionts — Trichoderma spp., Glomus sp. and Agrobacterium radiobacter — has a positive effect on the productivity parameters of Rubus idaeus L. raspberries compared to the control (untreated) group in conditions of moisture deficiency. This symbiotic effect of the three-way microbial consortium with the R. idaeus L. rhizosphere is due to the microorganisms’ synergistic action in a multicomponent system and their mutual influence. These findings are of practical importance for enhancing the efficiency of raspberry cultivation in open ground.

Multiquantitative control of pesticides in treated sugar beet seeds

2025-12-11T20:16:08+02:00

Goal. To develop a method for the determination of thiamethoxam, bifenthrin, hymexazole and thiram in treated sugar beet seeds in one analysis.

Methods. The active substances were analyzed by method of thin-layer chromatography. The linear range of dependence of the area of chromatographic zones on the amount of active substance was estimated by mathematical and statistical method using correlation and regression analysis.

Results. The determination of pesticides includes the main stages: characterization of active substances by polarity; their extraction from the analyzed matrix; chromatographic separation, identification and quantification. The dipole moment of a compound (μ, Debye) is an integral indicator in the analysis, characterizing its polarity and physicochemical properties. Accordingly: bifenthrine is a non-polar compound with a dipole moment of 0.38 D; thiram, hymexazole, thiamethoxam are low-polar compounds with a dipole moment of 3.45, 3.99, and 5.55 D, respectively. The extractant that provides the most complete extraction is ethanol (ε 24.3). Separation — in a thin layer of silica gel adsorbent with acidification of the thin layer with a 10% solution of acetic acid in ethanol in the mobile phase of hexane + ethanol (ε = 8.42). The compounds are identified under a chromatoscope (λ 254 nm) and using a silver ammonia reagent with UV irradiation (brown zones of localization of active substances on the light background of the chromatogram). The dependence of the area of the chromatographic zone of a compound (S, mm²) on its amount (C, μg) is linear in the detection range for: thiamethoxam 0.1 — 0.7 μg; thiram 0.1 — 1.0 μg; hymexazole 0.5 — 2.0 μg; bifenthrine 0.3 — 2.0 μg and is described by the corresponding regression equation: S = 8.345 S + 1.3395; S = 40.87 S + 6.4596; S = 8.83 S + 0.125; S = 4.4304 S + 4.8996.

Conclusions. The developed methodology allows for the analytical control of thiamethoxam, thiram, hymexazole and bifenthrin in the treated sugar beet seeds in the presence of different combinations and quantities during one analysis with high accuracy, reliability and reproducibility.

Effect of temperature on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de bary growth in vitro

2025-12-11T20:24:06+02:00

Goal of this study was to determine the optimal temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of white mold, under laboratory conditions when cultivated on potato dextrose agar (PDA).

Methods. The research was conducted using laboratory, analytical, and statistical methods. The isolate used in the study was obtained from a sunflower head affected by white mold. Mycelial growth and sclerotia formation were studied across a temperature range of 5 to 30°C.

Results. It was established that the pathogen develops within the temperature range of 5—25°C, at 30°C no mycelial growth was observed. The most intensive colony growth occurred at 25°C, whereas the highest number of sclerotia formed at 20°C. The greatest sclerotial mass was recorded at 15°C. Significant differences in colony growth rate and sclerotia formation were found depending on the incubation temperature. The highest radial growth rate was observed at 20—25°C, while the lowest was at 5°C. A clear inverse relationship between temperature and sclerotia development time was observed: as the temperature decreased, growth rate slowed and sclerotia formation was delayed. Cultivation at 20°C resulted in the highest number of sclerotia, while both higher and lower temperatures reduced their quantity. In contrast, sclerotial mass was highest at 15°C, with both increased and decreased temperatures resulting in smaller sclerotia. The effect of prior low-temperature cultivation (at 5°C) on subsequent growth was also studied. The results showed that brief exposure to low temperatures did not lead to significant changes in colony growth or sclerotia formation.

Conclusion. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is capable of developing within a temperature range of 5—25°C. The optimal temperature for cultivation on potato dextrose agar in vitro is 20°C, which ensures both intensive mycelial growth and the highest number of sclerotia. These findings can be used to improve protocols for producing infection material for artificial inoculation in phytopathological studies and for studying the pathogen’s biology in the context of climate change.

The use of different types of traps to monitor and control the population of the South American tomato moth in closed soil conditions

2025-12-11T20:26:36+02:00

Goal. To compare different types of traps and pheromone dispenser carriers at various placement levels and determine the most effective for controlling the population of the South American tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta Meyr.) on tomato plants under protected cultivation conditions.

Methods. The study was conducted during 2023—2024 at FG «Danya,» Zaporizhzhia district, Zaporizhzhia region. A vegetative research method was used under controlled conditions in protected cultivation.

Results. Using a water light trap with pheromone, the average number of captured male imagos was 1,241.2. This is higher than when using water and light-water traps, where the average number of the pest was 684.6 and 944.2, respectively. The water pheromone trap also captured 1,090.8 individuals of the pest. On the light-water trap, an average of 944.2 male imagos of Tuta absoluta Meyr. were captured, which is higher than in a standard water trap.

Conclusions. Trap effectiveness depends on pheromone concentration, light, trap color, and placement relative to the plant. The results can be used in monitoring systems for controlling the population of the pest (Tuta absoluta Meyr.).

Features of monitoring Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in urbocenoses of megapolis

2025-12-11T20:30:25+02:00

Goal. Monitoring the phytosanitary condition of ash trees growing in parks, squares and botanical gardens of Kyiv, Boryspil, and Glyboky village in order to detect the beetle Agrilus planipennis (Fairm.) and improve methods for its detection in urban ecosystems.

Methods. Field — monitoring of invader detection, route surveys of ash trees. The studies were conducted in the laboratory of entomology and resistance of agricultural crops to pests of the Institute of Plant Protection of the NAAS and in botanical gardens, parks and squares of Kyiv and the region.

Results. When monitoring plants of the genus Fraxinus L. in ash plantations in 2022—2025, it was found that not all methods known in forestry for detecting the invader Agrilus planipennis can be unconditionally used in the conditions of the megalopolis coenoses. Certain methods for detecting the pest have been tested and improved. Species, varieties and forms of ash trees that are damaged by Agrilus planipennis (Fraxinus. excelsior var. aureovariegata Weston; F. excelsior var. aureovariegata Weston; F. angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa (M. Bieb. ex Willd.) Franco & Rocha; F. pennsylvanica Marshall; F. profunda (Bush) Bush; F. angustifolia subsp. siriaca (Boiss) Yalt.; F. sogdiana Bunge) and are tolerant to this beetle (F. excelsior var. excelsior, «Crispa», «Heterophylla Pendula», F. «Aurea», «Nana»; F. chinensis subsp. syriaca (Boiss.) Yalt; F. Pallisiae.

Conclusions. Methods for detecting the invader Agrilus planipennis (Fairm.) in the conditions of the forest ecosystem cannot be used in the urban environment for the most part. For the purpose of initial detection of the pest, it is necessary to use sticky traps for this species. To detect D-shaped holes at the top of the trunk, binoculars and a smartphone with megapixel resolution should be used, during the period when the trees are not covered with leaves. It has been established that removing damaged tree tops only delays the spread of the pest for 3—4 years, and cutting damaged plants to the stump and treating healthy plants growing nearby with biological insecticides contributes to the improvement of the biotope as a whole. Plants should be urgently removed if the following signs appear: drying of the tops, peeling of small areas of bark (woodpeckers' activity) and the formation of water shoots on the trunk. The results obtained have practical significance for monitoring the quarantine invader in urban environments, which contributes to the stabilization of its phytosanitary status.